Official IELTS Band Descriptors Explained: Writing & Speaking Evaluation Criteria
IELTS reports proficiency on a nine-band scale. Writing and Speaking are each rated on four equally weighted criteria by trained examiners. The overall band is the average of the four skills. IELTS bands relate to CEFR levels only approximately — they are not officially one-to-one equivalent.
What this guide covers
- The four Writing criteria and the four Speaking criteria
- How criteria are weighted and how the overall band is calculated and rounded
- Indicative (non-equivalent) relationship between IELTS bands and CEFR
- What distinguishes performance across Bands 5.0–8.5
Out of scope
- The full public band descriptor wording (see the official IELTS documents)
- Listening and Reading raw-score-to-band conversion tables
- Any claim of exact IELTS–CEFR equivalence
Scope of this guide
This page explains how examiners assess IELTS Writing and Speaking using four criteria each, and how the overall nine-band score is produced. It is a teaching reference; the official public band descriptors published by the IELTS partners remain the authoritative wording.
The four Writing criteria
| Criterion | What it assesses |
|---|---|
| Task Achievement (Task 1) / Task Response (Task 2) | How fully and appropriately the response addresses the task, covers requirements and develops a position |
| Coherence and Cohesion | Logical organisation, paragraphing, and the use of cohesive devices and referencing |
| Lexical Resource | Range, precision and appropriacy of vocabulary, including collocation and error density |
| Grammatical Range and Accuracy | Range of structures and the accuracy and appropriacy with which they are used |
The four criteria are weighted equally (25% each) in both Writing Task 1 and Task 2.
The four Speaking criteria
| Criterion | What it assesses |
|---|---|
| Fluency and Coherence | Speech rate and continuity, and the logical sequencing and connection of ideas |
| Lexical Resource | Range and precision of vocabulary and ability to paraphrase |
| Grammatical Range and Accuracy | Range and accuracy of sentence structures |
| Pronunciation | Use of pronunciation features and overall intelligibility |
How the overall band is calculated
Candidates receive a band for each of the four skills (Listening, Reading, Writing, Speaking). The overall band score is the average of the four skill scores, rounded to the nearest whole or half band. If the average ends in .25 it is rounded up to the next half band; if it ends in .75 it is rounded up to the next whole band.
| Listening | Reading | Writing | Speaking | Average | Overall band |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6.5 | 6.5 | 5.0 | 7.0 | 6.25 | 6.5 (rounded up) |
| 4.0 | 3.5 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 3.875 | 4.0 (rounded up) |
| 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.5 | 6.0 | 6.375 | 6.5 |
What changes across Bands 5.0–8.5
Broadly, as bands rise, control increases and the burden on the reader/listener falls. At Band 5 meaning comes through but errors are frequent and limit precision; at Band 6 communication is generally effective despite some inaccuracy; at Band 7 the candidate operates with good flexibility and only occasional lapses; at Band 8 language is wide-ranging and accurate with rare, systematic-only slips.
IELTS and CEFR: approximate, not equivalent
IELTS bands and CEFR levels are NOT officially one-to-one equivalent. Any mapping is indicative only. A single IELTS band can span parts of two CEFR levels, and institutions set their own entry requirements. Never tell a student that, for example, “Band 7 equals C1” as a guaranteed equivalence.
| CEFR level | Indicative IELTS range |
|---|---|
| B1 | approx. 4.0 – 5.0 |
| B2 | approx. 5.5 – 6.5 |
| C1 | approx. 7.0 – 8.0 |
| C2 | approx. 8.5 – 9.0 |
Indicative only. These ranges are widely referenced but are not an official equivalence; treat cut-offs as approximate and defer to the receiving institution.
Free download
IELTS Writing & Speaking Band Descriptor Teacher Matrix
A side-by-side matrix of all four Writing and four Speaking criteria across Bands 5.0–8.5, with a clear CEFR non-equivalence note for student guidance.
Frequently asked questions
How are the four criteria weighted in the IELTS Writing test?
In both IELTS Writing tasks the four criteria — Task Achievement/Task Response, Coherence and Cohesion, Lexical Resource, and Grammatical Range and Accuracy — each contribute 25% of the score for that task. Task 2 carries more weight than Task 1 toward the overall Writing band, but within each task the four criteria are weighted equally.
Is an IELTS Band 7.0 directly equivalent to CEFR Level C1?
No. IELTS bands and CEFR levels are not officially one-to-one equivalent. Band 7.0 is often associated indicatively with the lower part of C1, but a single band can span parts of two CEFR levels and the mapping is approximate. Institutions set their own requirements, so any equivalence claim should be hedged and checked against the receiving body.
How is the overall IELTS band score calculated and rounded?
The overall band is the average of the four skill scores (Listening, Reading, Writing, Speaking). It is rounded to the nearest half or whole band: an average ending in .25 is rounded up to the next half band, and one ending in .75 is rounded up to the next whole band. For example, an average of 6.25 becomes 6.5.
IELTS evaluates candidates on a nine-band scale using four equally weighted criteria for Writing and Speaking, with the overall band averaged across four skills and a research-mapped but non-one-to-one relationship to CEFR levels.
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References & further reading
- IELTS.org – official band descriptors and scoring
- IELTS.org – how IELTS is scored
- Cambridge Assessment English – research notes
Written and reviewed by Ian L. Evans, TeflToday.org. Last reviewed August 4, 2026.
